We shall see
later that the rhinoceros continued in Europe even during the
severe conditions of the glacial period, in a branch that
developed a woolly coat.
There were also in the early Tertiary several sidebranches of the
horse-tapir-rhinoceros family. The Palaeotheres were more or less
between the horse and the tapir in structure; the Anoplotheres
between the tapir and the ruminant. A third doomed branch, the
Titanotheres, flourished vigorously for a time, and begot some
strange and monstrous forms (Brontops, Titanops, etc.). In the
larger specimens the body was about fourteen feet long, and stood
ten feet from the ground. The long, low skull had a pair of horns
over the snout. They perished like the equally powerful but
equally sluggish and stupid Deinocerata. The Tertiary was an age
of brain rather than of brawn. As compared with their early
Tertiary representatives' some of our modern mammals have
increased seven or eight-fold in brain-capacity.
While the horses and tapirs and rhinoceroses were being gradually
evolved from the primitive types, the Artiodactyl branch of the
Ungulates--the pigs, deer, oxen, etc.--were also developing.
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